A Belleville washer is a type of spring that's shaped like a washer. It is also sometimes known as a disc spring, Belleville spring, coned-disc spring, conical spring washer, or cupped spring washer. It is a disk spring that applies pressure to the connection once you clamp down on it with the proper amount of force. The advantage of this washer is that it applies to clamp pressure along with a continuous arc pattern, instead of concentrating it at one point like a split-ring lock washer. These washers are known to help minimize vibration, thermal expansion, relaxation, and bolt creep problems.
The Belleville washer is named after its inventor, Julian F. Belleville, who developed this unique washer design to handle heavy steel loads. Belleville envisioned a washer that could also function as a spring, enhancing its ability to manage high-stress applications. While conical-shaped washers existed prior, Belleville patented his cupped, spring-loaded washer design in France during the 1860s. Today, Belleville washers are widely used in demanding applications where high load-bearing capacity and resilience are essential.
Belleville washers function as springs, designed to absorb weight and provide clamping force. When a load is applied, the washer compresses and exerts an equal force back against the object. For correct installation, place the washer with its cup facing toward the connection point, away from the bolt head. Mounting the washer in this inverted position increases the clamping force of the connection. Misplacement is a common error, so double-check the orientation to ensure effective performance.
Belleville washers can be used individually or stacked in various configurations to achieve different performance benefits. Common stacking methods include:
- Parallel Stack (all washers facing the same direction): Increases the load-bearing capacity.
- Series Stack (washers facing opposite directions): Increases deflection, allowing more flexibility.
- Combined Series and Parallel Stack: Provides a balance between load capacity and deflection.
Yes, Belleville washers are durable and can typically be reused, thanks to their cupped design, which helps them withstand extreme pressures. However, it's essential to inspect them for any wear or damage from previous use before reinstallation.
A Belleville washer increases tension and offers the following benefits depending on where you apply it.
Distribute loads evenly
Conserve space
Offer great versatility when stacked in series or parallel
Prevent bolt failures
Increased load capacity
Minimize thermal expansion
Increased deflection
Absorb or dampen shocks
Offer a long service life
Maintain the positioning accuracy of ball bearings
Increase the reliability of machinery
Belleville washers are ideal for applications prone to vibration, as their conical shape prevents loosening. For example, they are widely used in vehicles to reduce vibration. Other industries that benefit from Belleville washers include:
- Electrical connections
- Industrial equipment
- Oil and gas
- Aerospace
- Manufacturing
- Medical equipment
- And more!
As long as they show no significant wear or damage, Belleville washers can typically be reused.
When selecting a Belleville washer, consider these key parameters:
- Torque: Torque refers to the force applied to a fastener. To ensure optimal performance, the torque for the washer should match that of the fastener. Excessive torque may damage the fastener's threads, while insufficient torque can lead to loosening.
- Diameter: The clamping power of a Belleville washer depends on its diameter. A washer with too large a diameter relative to the connection may not provide adequate clamping force.
- Finish: Some environments involve solvents or fumes that can affect the washer's efficiency. A standard finish often works well, but if you experience issues, consult your manufacturer's applications engineer for recommendations to preserve the washer's performance.
To learn more about our Belleville washers, along with our other products, please contact us. We would love to work closely with you to answer your questions, meet your needs, and exceed your expectations with quick, accurate, communicative service. From concept to delivery, our company was built to be the best at what matters most to you!
